Corrupted Harddrive(I think)

So the other day I closed my laptop and then left it for a few hours. I came back and it was showing a Can't boot windows "0xc00000f" error, that it couldn't load up windows. It said it had to be reformated. I can't reformat it because I have tons of important files on the harddrive. So I brought the harddrive to my desktop computer and checked it out through a few programs. I found no traces of my other files, but I found traces of $Boot, $UpCase $MFT $Extend $RECYCLE.BIN and a few other things of that variety. Nothing else, though. I can't find any of my files.. they're just gone.. Is there any way to salvage any of my files from it? Or can you explain what happened?

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